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st: Calculate and Test Adjusted Mean Differences


From   "Elizabeth Prezio" <[email protected]>
To   <[email protected]>
Subject   st: Calculate and Test Adjusted Mean Differences
Date   Thu, 27 Sep 2012 13:26:51 -0500

First I apologize if this question is too simple for statalist. I have read
all the STATA help and I have been through the statalist archives before
posting this question and I am need of some advice/help. My advisors have
been unable to help me.

I am using xtmixed to obtain adjusted mean values of hemoglobin A1c repeated
measures.  I used margins to obtain adjusted means. What I want to do is
calculate the mean change (time 5 -time 1) and compare this mean change
between the two patient groups (patgrp) using an independent samples ttest.

Here is my output followed by additional comments to more thoroughly explain
what I am trying to do:



. xtmixed test i.patgrp##i.time duration blmeds medchange hba1_bl || id:

Performing EM optimization: 

Performing gradient-based optimization: 

Iteration 0:   log likelihood = -1369.6252  
Iteration 1:   log likelihood = -1369.6252  

Computing standard errors:

Mixed-effects ML regression                     Number of obs      =
790
Group variable: id                              Number of groups   =
159

                                                Obs per group: min =
4
                                                               avg =
5.0
                                                               max =
5


                                                Wald chi2(13)      =
367.58
Log likelihood = -1369.6252                     Prob > chi2        =
0.0000

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
--
        test |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf.
Interval]
-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------
--
    1.patgrp |   .0416097   .2301982     0.18   0.857    -.4095705
.4927899
             |
        time |
          2  |       -.75   .1942519    -3.86   0.000    -1.130727
-.3692734
          3  |     -.6725   .1942519    -3.46   0.001    -1.053227
-.2917733
          4  |    -.72875   .1942519    -3.75   0.000    -1.109477
-.3480233
          5  |  -.9198457   .1956848    -4.70   0.000    -1.303381
-.5363106
             |
 patgrp#time |
        1 2  |  -.1601266   .2755816    -0.58   0.561    -.7002566
.3800034
        1 3  |  -.4426899   .2755816    -1.61   0.108      -.98282
.0974401
        1 4  |    -.72693   .2766192    -2.63   0.009    -1.269094
-.1847663
        1 5  |  -.6758705   .2771046    -2.44   0.015    -1.218985
-.1327556
             |
    duration |   .0376279   .0149067     2.52   0.012     .0084113
.0668446
      blmeds |   .3366165   .1089313     3.09   0.002     .1231152
.5501179
   medchange |   .3238106   .0687527     4.71   0.000     .1890578
.4585633
     hba1_bl |   .4035153   .0386847    10.43   0.000     .3276947
.4793358
       _cons |   4.234591   .3608965    11.73   0.000     3.527247
4.941936
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
--

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
--
  Random-effects Parameters  |   Estimate   Std. Err.     [95% Conf.
Interval]
-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------
--
id: Identity                 |
                   sd(_cons) |   .7701702   .0663079      .6505825
.91174
-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------
--
                sd(Residual) |   1.228557   .0345879      1.162602
1.298253
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
--
LR test vs. linear regression: chibar2(01) =    89.51 Prob >= chibar2 =
0.0000

. margins i.patgrp##i.time, atmeans post

Adjusted predictions                              Number of obs   =
790

Expression   : Linear prediction, fixed portion, predict()
at           : 0.patgrp        =    .5037975 (mean)
               1.patgrp        =    .4962025 (mean)
               1.time          =    .2012658 (mean)
               2.time          =    .2012658 (mean)
               3.time          =    .2012658 (mean)
               4.time          =    .1987342 (mean)
               5.time          =    .1974684 (mean)
               duration        =     4.50981 (mean)
               blmeds          =    1.258228 (mean)
               medchange       =    1.235443 (mean)
               hba1_bl         =    8.798228 (mean)

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
--
             |            Delta-method
             |     Margin   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf.
Interval]
-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------
--
      patgrp |
          0  |   8.165327   .1059938    77.04   0.000     7.957583
8.373071
          1  |   7.807682   .1067051    73.17   0.000     7.598543
8.01682
             |
        time |
          1  |   8.798743   .1149933    76.52   0.000      8.57336
9.024125
          2  |   7.969287   .1149933    69.30   0.000     7.743905
8.19467
          3  |   7.906579   .1149933    68.76   0.000     7.681196
8.131961
          4  |   7.709288   .1156044    66.69   0.000     7.482708
7.935869
          5  |   7.543528   .1159077    65.08   0.000     7.316353
7.770703
             |
 patgrp#time |
        0 1  |   8.778096   .1621954    54.12   0.000     8.460198
9.095993
        0 2  |   8.028096   .1621954    49.50   0.000     7.710198
8.345993
        0 3  |   8.105596   .1621954    49.97   0.000     7.787699
8.423493
        0 4  |   8.049346   .1621954    49.63   0.000     7.731448
8.367243
        0 5  |    7.85825   .1638905    47.95   0.000     7.537031
8.179469
        1 1  |   8.819705   .1632058    54.04   0.000     8.499828
9.139583
        1 2  |   7.909579   .1632058    48.46   0.000     7.589701
8.229456
        1 3  |   7.704515   .1632058    47.21   0.000     7.384638
8.024393
        1 4  |   7.364025    .164965    44.64   0.000       7.0407
7.687351
        1 5  |   7.223989   .1640654    44.03   0.000     6.902427
7.545551
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
--
I need to calculate the change in the adjusted means found under heading
patgrp#time in the margins output from time 5 to time 1 and then test to see
if this change is significant between the two groups.  I tried using the
over option for margins but get an error that says margins cannot work with
its own posted results. I used pwcompare, but this appears to be the wrong
approach due to the issue of multiple comparisons, and also pwcompare would
not give me a p-value unless I used the bonferroni adjustment.  I thought
about using lincom, but decided that was incorrect because I don't want to
subtract coefficients, I want to subtract adjusted means. I also tried to
use predict, but all I could get was yhat. The values of yhat are not the
same as margins. My advisors told me to use yhat at time 5 and subtract time
1 and then do a ttest. That sounded simple until I ran into the problem of
trying to subtract two values within the same variable. There must be a
simple way to get this result and I am just too novice to see it. 

Beth Prezio


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