I'm no matrix expert, but there is a logical problem here.
You define x and y as variables and they can take on a different value for
each observation (although you are giving them the same value for each
observation in your example).
so it is unclear which values of x and y your matrix command would use.
. display x
Gives you the value of x in the first observation (although it is unclear to
me why Stata lets you do this).
Perhaps what you need are local macros?
. local x 1
. local y 1
. matrix byvar = (`x',`y')
Daniel
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